Vacuum Technology

Vacuum TechnologyVacuum technology is currently used in many industries, even though there was the time when its methods were only used in research laboratories. The first fields of its industrial use - pumping of light bulbs and electronic tubes and valves - are still important, but as transistors were introduced, vacuum equipment found a new application in electronics industry, in particular, it was used to produce high purity materials. Vacuum technology is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, medicine, biology, food and nuclear industries. Vacuum technology began to evolve in the Middle Ages, when the very nature of the vacuum was still unclear. The most famous experiments in this field were conducted by German scientist and experimentalist Otto von Guericke in the first half of the 17th century. He invented the first vacuum pump, a water barometer, carried out many important and interesting experiments. A vacuum (from Latin vacuum - "an empty space") is a medium whose gaseous pressure is much lower than atmospheric pressure. There can be: Perfect vacuum, or absolutely empty void, is a hole in the space-time where there is nothing tangible, no matter, no space-time itself. The physical vacuum is denoted in modern physics as a pure empty space. The technical vacuum is a state of gas under low pressure. Technical vacuum has a thermodynamic definition: a vacuum is a state of gas under the pressure at which the mean free path of atoms or molecules is larger than ...
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Phun model of a crystal structure heated up. Thermal energy, in the form of random motion of the molecules of the crystal, is transferred from its source. The total momentum of the whole body remains zero.
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